Saturday, 14 April 2018

Cultural Studies Assignment

To Evaluate My Assignment CLICK HERE 













Name :- Jagruti R. Vasani
Sem :- 2
Roll No. :-14
Paper :-8 Cultural Studies
Subject :- Method and Methodology in C.S.
Submitted To :- Smt. S.B. Gardi Department of English
                              Maharajakrishnakumarsinhji University Bhavnagar


INTRODUCTION :

  There has long been a reluctance to bring any explicit discussion of methods and methodology into cultural studies. This can be explained in various ways. We can see it first of all as connected with the field’s renegade character, and its conscious dissociation from established academic disciplines. Developing and adhering to a particular set of methods was considered to be characteristic of those disciplines and somehow compromised by an unexamined notion of empirical enquiry. Cultural studies has preferred to borrow techniques and methods from established disciplines without subscribing to any disciplinary credentials itself.

 METHODOLOGY
 The methodology is the general research strategy that outlines the way in which research is to be undertaken and, among other things, identifies the methods to be used in it. These methods, described in the methodology, define the means or modes of data collection or, sometimes, how a specific result is to be calculated.[4] Methodology does not define specific methods, even though much attention is given to the nature and kinds of processes to be followed in a particular procedure or to attain an objective.

When proper to a study of methodology, such processes constitute a constructive generic framework, and may therefore be broken down into sub-processes, combined, or their sequence changed.[5]

A paradigm is similar to a methodology in that it is also a constructive framework. In theoretical work, the development of paradigms satisfies most or all of the criteria for methodology.[6] An algorithm, like a paradigm, is also a type of constructive framework, meaning that the construction is a logical, rather than a physical, array of connected elements.

Any description of a means of calculation of a specific result is always a description of a method and never a description of a methodology. It is thus important to avoid using methodology as a synonym for method or body of methods. Doing this shifts it away from its true epistemological meaning and reduces it to being the procedure itself, or the set of tools, or the instruments that should have been its outcome. A methodology is the design process for carrying out research or the development of a procedure and is not in itself an instrument, or method, or procedure for doing thi his article is about research methods. For software engineering frameworks, see Software development methodology.
Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study. It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a branch of knowledge. Typically, it encompasses concepts such as paradigm, theoretical model, phases and quantitative or qualitative techniques.
A methodology does not set out to provide solutions - it is therefore, not the same as a method. Instead, a methodology offers the theoretical underpinning for understanding which method, set of methods, or [best practice]s can be applied to a specific case, for example, to calculate a specific result.
It has been defined also as follows:
"the analysis of the principles of methods, rules, and postulates employed by a discipline”.
"the systematic study of methods that are, can be, or have been applied within a discipline".
"the study or description of methods".
Methodology and method are not interchangeable. In recent years, however, there has been a tendency to use methodology as a "pretentious substitute for the word method".Using methodology as a synonym for method or set of methods leads to confusion and misinterpretation.
Examples of when to use “method” and “methodology”
If you work in industry, it’s likely that you will mostly be talking about methods. Here are some ways you can use “methods” in context:
I’m trying to decide between doing a contextual inquiry, or bringing in participants for interviews. Which method would you choose?
We want to have hard data to answer this question, so we should choose a quantitative method.
If you are working in academia and writing research papers, you want to consider including a description of your methodology.

Ethnography was chosen for this study as a methodology because of X, Y and Z reasons.
In order to create a product that fits a true customer need and design an experience that they love, we used a participatory approach to our design research process.
In short Ask yourself whether you are describing how you will collect your data (method), or if it’s the broader strategy for your research approach (methodology). For the industry practitioner, you typically will be talking about methods. For the academic, you may be talking both about the framing methodology and methods used to accomplish your research goals.

Description in Method
Question of Method in Cultural Studies brings together a group of scholars from across the social sciences and humanities to consider one of the most vexing issues confronting the proverbial 'anti-discipline' of cultural studies.
Covers such topics as the media, feminism, and politics.
Identifies what methods have prevailed in the interdisciplinary pursuit of cultural studies.
Examines the relationship between cultural studies and traditional disciplines, the politics of knowledge, and spatial.
temporal models.
Probes the possibility of method in explicit terms for scholars and students in media, communications, sociology and allied fields.

KEY METHODS
Following the Cultural Studies pioneer Raymond Williams’ initiative, and its more recent reformulations, the course explores key concepts and themes that have, for decades now, been shaping the diverse methodologies operating within and/or influencing the discourses of Cultural Studies in general and American Studies in particular. The lecture aims at tracing and exploring the problems and issues crucial and of ongoing interest in such research perspectives informing the field of Cultural Studies as discourse analysis and psychoanalysis, deconstruction, critical race studies, ethnic studies, gender, queer and sexuality studies, and postcolonial studies. In order to familiarize the students with these often divergent approaches to the study of the workings, mechanisms and traces of culture, the lecture clarifies, while respecting the problematic character of, such key critical concepts as sign, myth, ideology, deconstruction, new historicism, modernity, metafiction, subjectivity, identity, gender, queerness, race, postcolonial studies and orientalism. Based on readings in influential theoretical texts, the lecture not only discusses the notions, postulates and problems important in a given methodological approach, but also illustrates their current and possible uses in the study of American culture, also by means of referring to its diverse discursive, ideological, social and political dimensions that the lecture contextualizes through a recourse to the examples of persons, events, tendencies and problems of importance and influence in American culture and history.
  The methodology is the general research strategy that outlines the way in which research is to be undertaken and, among other things, identifies the methods to be used in it. These methods, described in the methodology, define the means or modes of data collection or, sometimes, how a specific result is to be calculated.
A method in object-oriented programming (OOP) is a procedure associated with a message and an object. An object is mostly made up of data and behavior, which form the interface that an object presents to the outside world. Data is represented as properties of the object and behavior as methods. For example, a Window .
In object-oriented programming, a procedure that is executed when an object receives a message. A method is really the same as a procedure, function , or routine in procedural programming languages. The only difference is that in object-oriented programming, a method is always associated with a class.
A method, in the context of object-oriented programming, is a procedure or function associated with a class. As part of a class, a method defines a particular behavior of a class instance. A class can have more than one method. The idea of methods appears in all object-oriented programming languages. Methods are similar to functions or procedures in other programming languages such as C, SQL and Delphi. An object method can only have access to the data known by that object. This maintains the integrity of data between sets of objects in a program. A method can be reused in many objects. As a simple example, let's say that a module has a VideoClip object that handles functions related to movie clips. The VideoClip object would probably have some of the following methods:
Play: Begin playing the movie clip.
Pause: Pause the movie clip.
Stop: Stop playing the movie clip.

methods and design should be thought of as a reciprocal process extending well into your study. For example, it may arise over the course of your study that there is a flaw in the design. Changing the design of the study may lead to the choice (or addition) of a different method which, in turn, may lead to subsequent changes in the design to accommodate the new methods.
 here’s another of mine: the regular misuse of the word “methodology” in academic papers. Methodology is the study of scientific methods, a branch of epistemology. Econometric techniques, strategies for gathering data, means of testing hypotheses, etc. are methods, not methodologies. Yet how many empirical papers include a section titled “Methodology” or “Data and Methodology”? It makes me cringe. “We use an instrumental-variables methodology,” or “our methodology employs case studies and structured interviews.” No, those are your methods. Unless you’re citing Popper or Kuhn or Lakatos or Feyerabend or Blaug or Mäki you probably don’t have a methodology section.
 In recent years . . . “methodology” has been increasingly used as a pretentious substitute for “method” in scientific and technical contexts, as in “The oil company has not yet decided on a methodology for restoring the beaches.” This usage may have been fostered in part by the tendency to use the adjective “methodological” to mean “pertaining to methods,” inasmuch as the regularly formed adjective “methodical” has been preempted to mean “orderly, systematic.” But the misuse of methodology obscures an important conceptual distinction between the tools of scientific investigation (properly “methods”) and the principles that determine how such tools are deployed and interpreted — a distinction that the scientific and scholarly communities, if not the wider public, should be expected to maintain.

That’s the description about the method and methodology in cultural studies.
                                                # Thank You #



 

No comments:

Post a Comment

ટચુકડી ખાણ...

વરસાદ એકલો હોય. પણ એકલો તો ના જ હોઈ શકે. પડતાં ની સાથે ઉત્પન્ન થતો રવ ફેલાતી માટી ની સોહમણી ગંધ, ને અનેક હૈયાઓની અદ્રશ્ય ટાઢક એની જ તો છે. પ...